7 Whenever it has been hot, moving, cooling air has always been a blessing. Even in ancient Egypt, fan bearers were a sign of wealth and power. Small fans that were operated by a windup spring mechanism were already to be found in the 18th century. They were soon replaced by devices that were powered by the combustion of alcohol, kerosene or oil, based on the principle of the Stirling engine, which converts differences in temperature between two regions into mechanical energy. These devices continued to be produced and sold side by side with the electric fan long after its invention. In 1832 A.A. Sablukov invented the first mechanical device for use in mining and industrial production, calling it an “Air Pump”. The first ceiling fans appeared in the United States in 1860. Water pressure, which was to be found in many factories, shops and eating places, provided the driving power. A turbine was powered by water pressure. A long drive belt drove several ceiling fans, only two-bladed at this period. At the beginLate C19th: Junior C.T. Fardwell water pressure-powered table fan Late C19th: Le Zephyr, Paris - clockwork, springdriven, fan 1896: Edison Orange, NY, USA, battery powered table fan with a 230 mm blade diameter Circa 1910: Emerson, St.Louis, Table fan, 320 mm blade diameter Fans through History 1919: WJH St rong ’s Lake Breeze Motor, which was dr iven by the combus t ion of kerosene, us ing the pr inc ipl e of the St i r l ing eng ine. At that t ime i t cos t $22.50, r ep r e s ent ing abou t one - f i f t h o f the aver age monthly income. The bl ade diameter was 410 mm. 2 . Apr i l 1898: Schemat ic representat ion of an electr ic ceiling fan in “The Electr ic Wor ld” ning of the industrial revolution, the workers sweating in the factories were grateful for the cooling provided by these first ceiling fans. Table fans, also driven by water power, were widespread. 1908: AEG, Germany, Peter Behrens, cast iron and steel, 300 mm blade diameter 1880 1910
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